-
1 laboro
lăbōro, āre, āvi, ātum - intr. et qqf. tr. - [st1]1 [-] travailler, prendre de la peine, se donner du mal. - aratores sibi laborant, Cic. Verr. 3, 121: les cultivateurs travaillent pour eux. - pro aliquo laborare, Cic. de Or. 2, 206: travailler pour qqn. - in aliqua re laborare, Cic. Nat. 3, 62: travailler à qqch. - laborare ut + subj.: travailler à ce que, prendre de la peine pour que. - animo laborabat ut, Cic.: il songeait à... - laborare ne + subj.: travailler pour que ne pas. - laborabat ne: il travaillait à empêcher de. - laborare + inf.: s'occuper de, s'efforcer de. - brevis esse laboro, Hor.: je m'efforce d'être bref. - laborare + prop. inf.: tâcher que. - quod ne nunc quidem fieri laborabo, Sen. Ep. 124: je vais tâcher que cela n'arrive pas même maintenant. [st1]2 [-] être en peine, s'inquiéter. - si delectamur.., sin laboramus, Cic. Fin. 1, 3: si nous éprouvons du plaisir..., mais si au contraire nous éprouvons de la peine. - hoc laborant, Cic. Caecil. 68: voilà ce qui les met en peine. - de aliqua re laborare, Cic.: se mettre en peine de qqch. - de aliquo laborare, Cic. Phil. 8, 27: se mettre en peine au sujet de qqn. - in aliqua re laborare, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 3: se mettre en peine à propos de qqch. - avec inter. ind. - quam sibi constantes dicat, non laborat, Cic. Tusc. 5, 26: à quel point est-il d'accord avec lui-même? il ne s'en met pas en peine, [st1]3 [-] peiner, être dans l'embarras, être dans des difficultés, être en danger. - ab re frumentaria laborare, Caes.: être dans l'embarras sous le rapport de l'approvisionnement de blé. - laborantibus nostris... submittit, Caes. BG. 7, 20, 2: aux nôtres qui étaient en danger il envoie en secours.... - ab equite hoste, a pedite laborare, Liv. 9, 19, 15: être mis en danger par la cavalerie des ennemis, par leur infanterie. - passif impers. - ad munitiones laboratur, Caes. BG. 7, 85, 4: la situation est critique près des retranchements. [st1]4 [-] être dans un malaise, être tourmenté, être incommodé. - a frigore et aestu laborare, Varr. R. 2, 2. 17: être incommodé du froid et de la chaleur. - morbo aliquo laborare, Cic. Fin. 1, 59: être incommodé de qq maladie. - ex renibus laborare, Cic. Tusc. 2, 60: souffrir des reins. - laborare ventre: avoir mal au ventre. - ex invidia laborare: être en butte à l'impopularité. - ex odio laborare: être en butte à la haine. - ex desiderio laborare, Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1: souffrir du regret de l'absence. - ex aere alieno laborare, Caes. BC. 3, 22, 1: être tourmenté par les dettes. - aliud est dolere, aliud laborare, Cic. Tusc. 2, 25: autre chose est de souffrir, autre chose est de peiner. - sine febri laborare, Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1: être indisposé sans fièvre. - ejus artus laborabant, Cic. Tusc. 2, 61: il souffrait de la goutte. - cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97: qui l'a frappé, je ne m'en soucie pas. - en parl. des éclipses - curare, cum Luna laboret, Cic. Tusc. 1, 92: être en souci quand la Lune est en défaillance. - haec mihi ampliora multo sunt, quam illa ipsa propter quae haec laborantur, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 1: de telles démonstrations d'amitié sont beaucoup plus importantes pour moi que ces avantages mêmes pour lesquels elles sont dépensées. - minus id nobis laborandum est, qualis... Cic. Verr. 2, 76: nous n'avons guère à nous inquiéter de savoir quel... [st1]5 - tr. - faire par le travail, élaborer. - arte laboratae vestes, Virg. En. 1, 639: étoffes travaillées avec art. - dona laboratae Cereris, Virg. En. 8, 181: les présents, oeuvre de Cérès (le pain ou les galettes). - laborare frumenta, Tac.: cultiver le blé. - quale non perfectius meae laborarint manus, Hor.: tel que mes mains n'auraient rien pu exécuter de plus parfait. - laborare letum alicui, Sil.: préparer la mort de qqn.* * *lăbōro, āre, āvi, ātum - intr. et qqf. tr. - [st1]1 [-] travailler, prendre de la peine, se donner du mal. - aratores sibi laborant, Cic. Verr. 3, 121: les cultivateurs travaillent pour eux. - pro aliquo laborare, Cic. de Or. 2, 206: travailler pour qqn. - in aliqua re laborare, Cic. Nat. 3, 62: travailler à qqch. - laborare ut + subj.: travailler à ce que, prendre de la peine pour que. - animo laborabat ut, Cic.: il songeait à... - laborare ne + subj.: travailler pour que ne pas. - laborabat ne: il travaillait à empêcher de. - laborare + inf.: s'occuper de, s'efforcer de. - brevis esse laboro, Hor.: je m'efforce d'être bref. - laborare + prop. inf.: tâcher que. - quod ne nunc quidem fieri laborabo, Sen. Ep. 124: je vais tâcher que cela n'arrive pas même maintenant. [st1]2 [-] être en peine, s'inquiéter. - si delectamur.., sin laboramus, Cic. Fin. 1, 3: si nous éprouvons du plaisir..., mais si au contraire nous éprouvons de la peine. - hoc laborant, Cic. Caecil. 68: voilà ce qui les met en peine. - de aliqua re laborare, Cic.: se mettre en peine de qqch. - de aliquo laborare, Cic. Phil. 8, 27: se mettre en peine au sujet de qqn. - in aliqua re laborare, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 3: se mettre en peine à propos de qqch. - avec inter. ind. - quam sibi constantes dicat, non laborat, Cic. Tusc. 5, 26: à quel point est-il d'accord avec lui-même? il ne s'en met pas en peine, [st1]3 [-] peiner, être dans l'embarras, être dans des difficultés, être en danger. - ab re frumentaria laborare, Caes.: être dans l'embarras sous le rapport de l'approvisionnement de blé. - laborantibus nostris... submittit, Caes. BG. 7, 20, 2: aux nôtres qui étaient en danger il envoie en secours.... - ab equite hoste, a pedite laborare, Liv. 9, 19, 15: être mis en danger par la cavalerie des ennemis, par leur infanterie. - passif impers. - ad munitiones laboratur, Caes. BG. 7, 85, 4: la situation est critique près des retranchements. [st1]4 [-] être dans un malaise, être tourmenté, être incommodé. - a frigore et aestu laborare, Varr. R. 2, 2. 17: être incommodé du froid et de la chaleur. - morbo aliquo laborare, Cic. Fin. 1, 59: être incommodé de qq maladie. - ex renibus laborare, Cic. Tusc. 2, 60: souffrir des reins. - laborare ventre: avoir mal au ventre. - ex invidia laborare: être en butte à l'impopularité. - ex odio laborare: être en butte à la haine. - ex desiderio laborare, Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1: souffrir du regret de l'absence. - ex aere alieno laborare, Caes. BC. 3, 22, 1: être tourmenté par les dettes. - aliud est dolere, aliud laborare, Cic. Tusc. 2, 25: autre chose est de souffrir, autre chose est de peiner. - sine febri laborare, Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1: être indisposé sans fièvre. - ejus artus laborabant, Cic. Tusc. 2, 61: il souffrait de la goutte. - cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97: qui l'a frappé, je ne m'en soucie pas. - en parl. des éclipses - curare, cum Luna laboret, Cic. Tusc. 1, 92: être en souci quand la Lune est en défaillance. - haec mihi ampliora multo sunt, quam illa ipsa propter quae haec laborantur, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 1: de telles démonstrations d'amitié sont beaucoup plus importantes pour moi que ces avantages mêmes pour lesquels elles sont dépensées. - minus id nobis laborandum est, qualis... Cic. Verr. 2, 76: nous n'avons guère à nous inquiéter de savoir quel... [st1]5 - tr. - faire par le travail, élaborer. - arte laboratae vestes, Virg. En. 1, 639: étoffes travaillées avec art. - dona laboratae Cereris, Virg. En. 8, 181: les présents, oeuvre de Cérès (le pain ou les galettes). - laborare frumenta, Tac.: cultiver le blé. - quale non perfectius meae laborarint manus, Hor.: tel que mes mains n'auraient rien pu exécuter de plus parfait. - laborare letum alicui, Sil.: préparer la mort de qqn.* * *Laboro, laboras, pen. prod. laborare. Cic. Mettre ou prendre peine à quelque chose, Travailler, Labourer, Ahanner, Pener.\Arma laborare. Stat. Faire et forger avec grand peine.\Laboro vt assentiar Epicuro. Cic. Je mets peine à, etc.\Laborare, per translationem. Cic. Estre malade, Avoir mal, Souffrir mal.\Laborare a frigore. Plin. Estre malade de froid.\Laborare a veritate. Liu. Souffrir et estre en peine, par faulte de pouvoir prouver la verité de quelque chose.\Laborare e dolore dicitur puerpera. Terent. Quand elle est en travail d'enfant.\Laborare ex renibus. Cic. Avoir mal aux reins.\Laborare ex inuidia. Cic. Estre envié et hay.\Laborare ex inscientia. Cic. Avoir beaucoup d'ennuy par faulte de scavoir et de congnoistre.\Cuius cornu in acie laboraret, diis se manibus voueret. Plin. iunior. Seroit le plus foible, Auroit du pire.\In spem laborare. Ouid. Soubz espoir.\Ob auaritiam laborare. Horat. Estre avaritieux.\Ambitione laborare. Horat. Estre ambitieux d'honneurs.\Animo laborabat, vt reliquas ciuitates adiungeret. Caesar. Estoit en grand soulci de, etc.\Causa laborare. Quint. Avoir une cause qui ne soit pas favorable.\Cerebro laborare. Plaut. Avoir mal au cerveau.\Fame laborare. Colum. Mourir de faim.\Foenore laborare. Liu. Estre fort travaillé d'argent qu'on a prins à usure.\Frigore laborare. Colum. Estre malade ou gasté de froid.\Ingenio laborare. Martialis. Travailler d'esprit.\Iniuria laborare. Cic. Estre en ennuy et fascherie à tort et sans cause.\Hostibus laborare. Cic. Estre vexé et tormenté par, etc.\Odio laborare apud hostes, et contemptu inter socios. Liu. Estre hay des ennemis, et desprisé de ses compaignons.\Re frumentia laborare. Caesar. Avoir disette de bleds.\Vitiis laborare. Liu. Estre vitieux, Plein de vices.\Cuius manu sit percussus, non laboro. Cic. Il ne m'en chault qui l'ayt tué, Je n'en ay que faire, Je n'y prens point garde, Je ne m'en soulcie point, Je ne m'en donne point de peine.\Nihil est quod labores. Cicero. Tu n'as que faire de te soulcier et donner peine.\Ostendit in hac ipsa causa nihil esse quod laborarem. Ci. Qu'il n'y avoit rien dequoy je me deusse soulcier ou chagrigner.\Valde laboro ne id fiat. Lentulus ad Ciceronem. Je suis en grand soulci, et crains fort que ce ne se face.\Quasi de verbo, non de re laboretur. Cic. Comme si on se soulcioit, ou s'il estoit question du mot, et non point de la nature de la chose en soy.\Velim existimes non minus me de illius re laborare, quam ipsum de sua. Cice. Que je ne travaille point moins pour son affaire que luymesme.\Laboratur vehementer: inclinata res est. Cic. Noz adversaires ne dorment pas, mais travaillent fort.\Haud ita multo post pestilentia laboratum est. Liu. Il y eut grande peste.\Siccitate eo anno plurimum laboratum est. Liu. Il feit grandes seicheresses. -
2 aestus
aestus, ūs, m. (vgl. αἴθω), die infolge innerer Hitze verursachte Wallung, I) das Wallen vor Hitze, exultant aestu latices, Verg. Aen. 7, 464. – dah. a) die wallende Hitze, Glut des Feuers, propiusque aestus incendia volvunt, Verg.: fervore atque aestu anima interclusa, Gluthitze, Liv. – b) der Sonne, der Tages-u. Jahreszeit, des Länderstrichs, Hitze, Glut, Schwüle, große Wärme (Ggstz. algor, frigus), meridiei aestus, Liv.: meridiani aestus fervor (Ggstz. matutinus hiemis rigor), Cassian.: aestus a meridiano sole, Liv.: fervidus aestus, Hor.: labore et aestu languidus, Sall.: aestu laborare, Sen. – Plur. (bes. = heiße Witterung, heiße Tage), aestus nimii, Lact.: calidi, Lucr.: medii, Verg.: frigora atque aestus tolerare, Caes.: non aestus, non frigora pati posse, Liv.: neque frigora neque aestus facile tolerare, Suet.: celeriter aestibus exarescere (v. Quellen), Caes. – poet., die Sommerhitze, -schwüle = Sommer, vere prius flores, aestu numerabis aristas, Ov. trist. 4, 1, 57. Vgl. über aestus = Sommer, Rönsch, Sem. 1. p. 7. – c) die Hitze der Wunden in Krankheiten, ulceris aestus, Att. fr.: aestu febrique iactari, Cic. – II) das Wallen der Flüssigkeiten, die gleichs. wie siedendes Wasser aufkochen, 1) eig.: a) die Brandung, das Fluten, Wogen von Gewässern, u. die brandenden, wogenden Fluten, Wogen, die Strömung, fervit aestu pelagus, Pacuv. fr.: in fretum saepe concurrit aestus atque effervescit, Varr. LL.: ferventes aestibus undae, Ov.: delphines aestum secabant, Verg.: quam (carinam) ventus ventoque rapit contrarius aestus, Ov. – Insbes., die nach dem Ufer zu u. wieder zurückwogende Strömung, die Flut (s. Fabri Liv. 21, 49, 2), aestus maritimi od. marini, Cic.: decessus aestus, Ebbe, Caes.: aestuum accessus et recessus, Flut u. Ebbe, Cic.: aestus maxime tumentes, Springfluten, Plin.: dass. maritimi aestus maximi, Caes.: inanes aestus, tote Flut, Plin.: minuente aestu, Caes.: aestu suo (bei der ihm günstigen), Liv.: aestu secundo, Sall. fr. u.a. (s. Benecke Iustin. 12, 10, 5), Ggstz. adverso aestu maris, Sall. fr.: in adversum aestum, Liv.: cum primum aestu fretum inclinatum est, Liv.: cedente in mare aestu, Liv.: aestus decedit, Liv.: u. im Bilde, si campus atque illae undae comitiorum, ut mare profundum et immensum, sic effervescunt quodam quasi aestu, ut ad alios accedant, ab aliis autem recedant, Cic. Planc. 15: quod enim fretum, quem Euripum tot motus, tantas, tam varias habere putatis agitationes fluctuum, quantas perturbationes et quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum? Cic. Mur. 35. – b) das Wallen u. Gären einer Flüssigkeit; dah. bei Lucr. = die Ausströmung, der Ausfluß der Erde, des magnetischen Fluidums, durch das Medium der Luftwellen, s. Lucr. 6, 824. 925. 1001. – 2) übtr.: a) die leidenschaftl. Wallung, Aufgeregtheit, Hitze, wilde Heftigkeit, civilis belli aestus, Hor.: aestus regum et populorum, Hor.: u. von der Liebe, ut pelagi, sic pectoris adiuvet aestum, Ov. – b) der innere Drang, die innere Gewalt, die uns unwiderstehlich fortreißt, bes. der Tatendrang, die Tatenlust, ne aestus nos consuetudinis absorbeat, Cic. de legg. 2, 9 (vgl. Cic. Brut. 282): te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui procul a terra abripuit, Cic. de or. 3, 145. – c) die sorgliche Unruhe, ängstliche Besorgnis, -Verlegenheit, qui tibi aestus, qui error, quae tenebrae erunt, Cic.: explica aestum meum, Plin. ep.: magno curarum fluctuat aestu, Verg.; vgl. Benecke Iustin. 11, 13, 3. – /Archaist. Genet. aesti, Pacuv. tr. 97. – vulg. Nbf. aestum, ī, n., Itala (Rehd.) Luc. 12, 55.
-
3 aestus
aestus, ūs, m. (vgl. αἴθω), die infolge innerer Hitze verursachte Wallung, I) das Wallen vor Hitze, exultant aestu latices, Verg. Aen. 7, 464. – dah. a) die wallende Hitze, Glut des Feuers, propiusque aestus incendia volvunt, Verg.: fervore atque aestu anima interclusa, Gluthitze, Liv. – b) der Sonne, der Tages- u. Jahreszeit, des Länderstrichs, Hitze, Glut, Schwüle, große Wärme (Ggstz. algor, frigus), meridiei aestus, Liv.: meridiani aestus fervor (Ggstz. matutinus hiemis rigor), Cassian.: aestus a meridiano sole, Liv.: fervidus aestus, Hor.: labore et aestu languidus, Sall.: aestu laborare, Sen. – Plur. (bes. = heiße Witterung, heiße Tage), aestus nimii, Lact.: calidi, Lucr.: medii, Verg.: frigora atque aestus tolerare, Caes.: non aestus, non frigora pati posse, Liv.: neque frigora neque aestus facile tolerare, Suet.: celeriter aestibus exarescere (v. Quellen), Caes. – poet., die Sommerhitze, -schwüle = Sommer, vere prius flores, aestu numerabis aristas, Ov. trist. 4, 1, 57. Vgl. über aestus = Sommer, Rönsch, Sem. 1. p. 7. – c) die Hitze der Wunden in Krankheiten, ulceris aestus, Att. fr.: aestu febrique iactari, Cic. – II) das Wallen der Flüssigkeiten, die gleichs. wie siedendes Wasser aufkochen, 1) eig.: a) die Brandung, das Fluten, Wogen von Gewässern, u. die brandenden, wogenden Fluten, Wogen, die Strömung, fervit aestu pela-————gus, Pacuv. fr.: in fretum saepe concurrit aestus atque effervescit, Varr. LL.: ferventes aestibus undae, Ov.: delphines aestum secabant, Verg.: quam (carinam) ventus ventoque rapit contrarius aestus, Ov. – Insbes., die nach dem Ufer zu u. wieder zurückwogende Strömung, die Flut (s. Fabri Liv. 21, 49, 2), aestus maritimi od. marini, Cic.: decessus aestus, Ebbe, Caes.: aestuum accessus et recessus, Flut u. Ebbe, Cic.: aestus maxime tumentes, Springfluten, Plin.: dass. maritimi aestus maximi, Caes.: inanes aestus, tote Flut, Plin.: minuente aestu, Caes.: aestu suo (bei der ihm günstigen), Liv.: aestu secundo, Sall. fr. u.a. (s. Benecke Iustin. 12, 10, 5), Ggstz. adverso aestu maris, Sall. fr.: in adversum aestum, Liv.: cum primum aestu fretum inclinatum est, Liv.: cedente in mare aestu, Liv.: aestus decedit, Liv.: u. im Bilde, si campus atque illae undae comitiorum, ut mare profundum et immensum, sic effervescunt quodam quasi aestu, ut ad alios accedant, ab aliis autem recedant, Cic. Planc. 15: quod enim fretum, quem Euripum tot motus, tantas, tam varias habere putatis agitationes fluctuum, quantas perturbationes et quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum? Cic. Mur. 35. – b) das Wallen u. Gären einer Flüssigkeit; dah. bei Lucr. = die Ausströmung, der Ausfluß der Erde, des magnetischen Fluidums, durch das Medium der Luftwellen, s. Lucr. 6, 824. 925. 1001. – 2) übtr.: a) die leiden-————schaftl. Wallung, Aufgeregtheit, Hitze, wilde Heftigkeit, civilis belli aestus, Hor.: aestus regum et populorum, Hor.: u. von der Liebe, ut pelagi, sic pectoris adiuvet aestum, Ov. – b) der innere Drang, die innere Gewalt, die uns unwiderstehlich fortreißt, bes. der Tatendrang, die Tatenlust, ne aestus nos consuetudinis absorbeat, Cic. de legg. 2, 9 (vgl. Cic. Brut. 282): te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui procul a terra abripuit, Cic. de or. 3, 145. – c) die sorgliche Unruhe, ängstliche Besorgnis, -Verlegenheit, qui tibi aestus, qui error, quae tenebrae erunt, Cic.: explica aestum meum, Plin. ep.: magno curarum fluctuat aestu, Verg.; vgl. Benecke Iustin. 11, 13, 3. – ⇒Archaist. Genet. aesti, Pacuv. tr. 97. – vulg. Nbf. aestum, ī, n., Itala (Rehd.) Luc. 12, 55. -
4 aestus
ūs m.1) жар, зной (meridiei L; caniculae H)ae. febrisque C — сильная лихорадка2) поэт. летоvere flores, aestū numerare aristas O — считать весной цветы, а летом колосья3)а) кипение, волнение (maris Lcr; pelagi Ctl)ae. irarum V — страшный гневб) смущение, тревога ( explicare aestum alicujus PJ)4) поэт. течение, волны, валы ( delphini aestum secabant V)5) клубы испарений (ae. Averni Lcr) -
5 laboro
lăbōro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [2. labor].I.Neutr., to labor, take pains, exert one's self, strive.A.In gen.:B.ne labora,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37:sese (aratores) sibi, laborare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 121:quid ego laboravi, aut quid egi, aut in quo evigilaverunt curae et cogitationes meae, si? etc.,
id. Par. 2, 17:ne familiares, si scuta ipsi ferrent, laborarent,
id. Phil. 5, 6:si mea res esset, non magis laborarem,
id. Fam. 13, 44; 74:qui non satis laborarunt,
Quint. 8 prooem. §29: frustra laborabimus,
id. 6, 3, 35; cf.:frustra laboret Ausus idem,
Hor. A. P. 241:in enodandis nominibus,
to exert one's self in vain, Cic. N. D. 3, 24, 62:circa memoriam et pronuntiationem,
Quint. 6, 4, 1:circa nomina rerum ambitiose,
id. 3, 11, 21:in famam, Sen. de Ira, 3, 41, 3: in commune,
Quint. 5, 11, 24; 8, 2, 18:in spem,
Ov. M. 15, 367.—With dat., to toil for, to serve:cui (Jovi) tertia regna laborant,
Sil. 8, 116.—With in and abl.:quid est, in quo se laborasse dicit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 53, § 124:qua in re mihi non arbitror diu laborandum,
Quint. 2, 3, 2:in dura humo,
Ov. F. 4, 416:in remigando,
Vulg. Marc. 6, 48:in omni gente,
in behalf of, Juv. 8, 239.—With pro:pro hoc (L. Flacco) laborant,
Cic. Planc. 11, 28:pro salute mea,
id. Dom. 11, 30:pro Sestio,
id. Fam. 13, 8, 1.—With ut:laborabat, ut reliquas civitates adjungeret,
Caes. B. G. 7, 31:ut honore dignus essem, maxime semper laboravi,
Cic. Planc. 20, 50:ut vos decerneretis laboravi,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:neque te ut miretur turba labores,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 73. —With ne:et sponsio illa ne fieret, laborasti,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132: quae ego ne frustra subierim... laboro, Lent. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 5.—With inf.:quem perspexisse laborant,
Hor. A. P. 435:amarique ab eo laboravi,
Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 5, 9:si sociis fidelissimis prospicere non laboratis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 127:quod audiri non laborarit,
Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2:hunc superare laboret,
Hor. S. 41, 112; 2, 3, 269:ne quaerere quidem de tanta re laborarint,
Nep. Pel. 3, 1:describere,
Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1.—In partic.1.To suffer, to labor under, to be oppressed, afflicted, or troubled with.(α).Absol.: aliud est dolere, aliud laborare. Cum varices secabantur C. Mario, dolebat: cum aestu magno ducebat agmen, laborabat. Est mter haec tamen quaedam similitudo: consuetudo enim laborum perpessionem dolorum efficiet faciliorem, Cic. [p. 1025] Tusc. 2, 15, 35:(β).valetudo tua me valde conturbat: significant enim tuae litterae, te prorsus laborare,
id. Att. 7, 2, 2:cum sine febri laborassem,
id. ib. 5, 8:eum graviter esse aegrum, quod vehementer ejus artus laborarent,
id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61.—With ex:(γ).ex intestinis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 1:ex pedibus,
id. ib. 9, 23:ex renibus,
id. Tusc. 2, 25, 60:e dolore,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 33.—Esp. of mental disorders, etc.:ex invidia,
Cic. Clu. 71, 202; id. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:ex desiderio,
id. Fam. 16, 11, 1:ex inscitia,
id. Inv. 2, 2, 5:ex aere alieno laborare,
to be oppressed with debt, Caes. B. C. 3, 22.—With ab:(δ).a re frumentaria,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9:ab avaritia,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 26.—With abl.:2.laborantes utero puellae,
Hor. C. 3, 22, 2:domesticā crudelitate,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 154:nec vero quisquam stultus non horum morborum aliquo laborat,
id. Fin. 1, 18, 59:odio apud hostes, contemptu inter socios,
Liv. 6, 2:pestilentiā laboratum est,
id. 1, 31, 5:crimine temeritatis,
Quint. 12, 9, 14.—To grieve, be in trouble, be vexed, to be concerned, solicitous, or anxious:3.animo laborabat, ut reliquas civitates adjungeret,
Caes. B. G. 7, 31:ut vos decerneretis, laboravi,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 11:nihil laboro, nisi ut salvus sis,
id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:sponsio illa ne fieret laborasti,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132.— With de (esp. of events or persons on whose account one is concerned):sororem de fratrum morte laborantem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 26, 78:de quibus ego ante laborabam, ne, etc.,
id. Caecin. 1, 3:laboro, ut non minimum hac mea commendatione se consecutum videretur,
id. Fam. 13, 26, 4:noli putare me de ulla re magis laborare,
id. Att. 6, 1, 3:his de rebus eo magis laboro, quod, etc.,
id. Fam. 13, 56, 3:in uno,
i. e. to love, Hor. C. 1, 17, 19: non laboro, nihil laboro, I don't trouble myself about it, it concerns me not:cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:quorsum recidat responsum tuum non magnopere laboro,
id. Rosc. Com. 15, 43:Tironi prospicit, de se nihil laborat,
id. Phil. 8, 9, 26:quid est quod de iis laborat,
id. ib. 8, 8, 27; id. Tusc. 1, 43, 103.—With abl.:tuā causā,
Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 6:neglegens ne qua populus laborat,
Hor. C. 3, 8, 25.—With in:in re familiari valde laboramus,
Cic. Att. 4, 1, 3.—To be in distress, difficulty, or danger:II.quos laborantes conspexerat iis subsidia submittebat,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26:suis laborantibus succurrere,
id. B. C. 2, 6; Sall. C. 60, 4:ne legatus laborantibus suis auxilio foret,
id. J. 52, 6; Curt. 9, 1, 15.— Impers. pass.:maxime ad superiores munitiones laboratur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 85.—Of inanim. things:ut utraeque (triremes) ex concursu laborarent,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:nec cur fraternis luna laboret equis (of an eclipse of the moon, because the sun's light is then withdrawn from it),
Prop. 2, 34, 52 (3, 32, 48 M.); so,luna laboret,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:cum luna laborare non creditur,
Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 42:laboranti succurrere lunae,
Juv. 6, 443:Aquilonibus Querceta laborant,
Hor. C. 2, 9, 6:laborantem ratem deserere,
Ov. P. 2, 6, 22:laborat carmen in fine,
Petr. 45.—Act. (only since the Aug. per.; for in Cic. Cael. 22, 54, elaboratus is the correct reading).A.To work out, elaborate, to form, make, prepare:B.noctibus hibernis castrensia pensa laboro,
Prop. 4, 3, 33:quale non perfectius Meae laborarint manus,
Hor. Epod. 5, 60:arte laboratae vestes,
Verg. A. 1, 639:laborata Ceres,
bread, id. ib. 8, 181:et nobis et equis letum commune laboras,
preparest, Sil. 16, 411.—To labor at, to cultivate:frumenta ceterosque fructus,
Tac. G. 45. -
6 aestus
aestŭs, ūs, m. [st1]1 [-] chaleur, ardeur, flamme, feu. - furit aestus ad auras, Virg.: le feu s'élance en tourbillons furieux vers les nues. - meridiei aestus, Liv.: la chaleur de midi. [st1]2 [-] au fig. ardeur, émotion violente, passion, fureur, fougue. - civilis belli aestus, Hor. Ep. 2: la fureur de la guerre civile. - fabula stultorum regum et populorum continet aestum, Hor. Ep. 1: ce poème contient les fureurs insensées des peuples et des rois. [st1]3 [-] trouble, inquiétude, irrésolution, perplexité. - qui aestus, quae tenebrae, Cic.: que d'indécision, que de ténèbres! [st1]4 [-] marée, courant, bouillonnement des flots, violente agitation de la mer, houle, vague. - aestus maritimi, Cic.: houle de la mer. - aestuum accessus et recessus, Cic.: le flux et le reflux. - aestus decedit, Liv.: la marée descend. [st1]5 [-] Lucr. émanation (d'atomes).* * *aestŭs, ūs, m. [st1]1 [-] chaleur, ardeur, flamme, feu. - furit aestus ad auras, Virg.: le feu s'élance en tourbillons furieux vers les nues. - meridiei aestus, Liv.: la chaleur de midi. [st1]2 [-] au fig. ardeur, émotion violente, passion, fureur, fougue. - civilis belli aestus, Hor. Ep. 2: la fureur de la guerre civile. - fabula stultorum regum et populorum continet aestum, Hor. Ep. 1: ce poème contient les fureurs insensées des peuples et des rois. [st1]3 [-] trouble, inquiétude, irrésolution, perplexité. - qui aestus, quae tenebrae, Cic.: que d'indécision, que de ténèbres! [st1]4 [-] marée, courant, bouillonnement des flots, violente agitation de la mer, houle, vague. - aestus maritimi, Cic.: houle de la mer. - aestuum accessus et recessus, Cic.: le flux et le reflux. - aestus decedit, Liv.: la marée descend. [st1]5 [-] Lucr. émanation (d'atomes).* * *AEstus, huius aestus, masc. gen. Virg. L'ardeur du soleil.\AEstus. Virgil. La grande chaleur sortant du feu, comme celle qui sort de la gueule d'une fournaise.\AEstus maris. Plin. Le regorgement de la mer, quand il y a plusieurs grandes ondes et vagues sans cause apparante, Le flot de la mer, L'aller et venir de la mer.\AEstus, translatum ad animum. Cic. Ardeur et vehemence.\AEstus gloriae. Cic. Ardent et impetueux desir de gloire.\Fluctuare aestu curarum. Vir. Quand on ne scait qu'on doibt faire.\Magnus irarum aestus. Virgil. Grande esmotion et perturbation de courroux.\AEstus ingenii. Cic. Vehemence et impetuosité d'esprit.\AEstus consuetudinis. Cic. La force et violence d'accoustumance.\Commouere aestus belli. Lucret. Esmouvoir tumulte de guerre.\AEstus. Ouid. Ardeur d'amour.\AEstus vlceris. Cic. Inflammation d'ulcere.\AEstus, Dubitatio, Solicitudo. Plin. iunior. Doubte, Soing, Soulci.\Grauis aestus. Horat. Fascheux et grief à porter.\Ignaui aestus. Ab effectu, quod ignauos homines reddant. Ouid. Lasches, vains.\AEstus mustulentus. Plaut. La fumee du vin nouveau.\Rapidus aestus. Virgil. Chaleur vehemente.\Steriles aestus. Claud. Chaleurs qui font la terre sterile.\Sydereus aestus. Ouid. Chaleur du soleil.\Torrens aestus. Plin. Chaleur ardente.\Exaestuare aestus. Lucret. Jecter hors.\Insinuare aestum. Lucret. Faire entrer la chaleur.\Laborare aestu. Columel. Estre vexé et travaillé de chauld.\Releuare aestus. Ouid. Alleger la chaleur.\Secare aestu. Virgil. Fendre et traverser la mer esmeue.\Solari aestum fluuiis. Horat. Par temps chauld se rafraichir en rivieres.\Solui aestum. Lucret. Estre fondu par force de chaleur.\Sustinere aestus. Ouid. Endurer et porter grand chauld.\Torrens aestu terra. Colum. Bruslee de chaleur. -
7 laboro
labōro, āvī, ātum, āre (2. labor), I) v. intr. A) (nach 2. labor no. I) sich anstrengen, Anstrengungen machen, um etw. zu erreichen, a) = arbeiten, sich bemühen, sich Mühe geben, sich abmühen, bemüht sein, Sorge tragen, darauf bedacht sein, darauf hinarbeiten, darauf brennen, danach streben, ne labora, Ter.: cum aestu magno ducebat agmen, laborabat (hatte er Arbeit), Cic.: laborantem imitari, geschäftig tun, Sen.: sibi et populo Romano, non Verri laborare, Cic.: dies noctesque bonae menti, Sen.: deinde suppellectili laboratur, Sen.: lab. in angusto (auf ihrem engen Plätzchen), v. der Ameise, Sen.: lab. in alqa re, Cic.: de alqa re, Cic.: de alqo, Cic.: pro alqo, Cael. in Cic. ep.: pro salute alcis, Matius in Cic. ep.: in alqd, Liv., Sen. u. Quint.: circa alqd, Quint. – m. ut od. ne u. Konj., Cic.; verb. id contendere et laborare, ut etc., Cic.: nihil laboro, nisi ut salvus sis, Cic.: tum illud laboro, ut etc., Cic. – non laboro m. Infin., si sociis fidelissimis prospicere non laboratis, Cic. Verr. 3, 127; vgl. Cic. ad Att. 5, 2, 2: ne quaerere quidem de tanta re laborarunt, Nep. Pelop. 3, 1; poet. u. nachaug. auch laboro m. Infin. (s. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 8, 19. Dräger Hist. Synt.2 2, 309), quem perspexisse laborant, Hor.: hunc atque hunc superare laborat, Hor.: quod nunc quoque ferre laboro, Ov.: amari ab eo laboravi, Plin. ep.: laborabat itaque invidiam praeteritorum contemptu praesentium demere, Iustin. – m. Acc. u. Infin., quod ne nunc quidem fieri laborabo, Sen. ep. 124, 1; vgl. Lucan. 1, 264. Iustin. 28, 3, 10 u. 36, 1, 7. – prägn., lab. alci, jmdm. dienen, cui (Iovi) tertia regna laborant, Sil. 8, 116. – b) sich darum kümmern, sich etwas daraus machen, sich darum scheren, α) v. Pers., vides iam dudum sudare laborantem, quo modo ea tuear, quae mihi tuenda sunt, Cic.: quorsum recĭdat responsum tuum, non magno opere laboro, Cic.: quo etiam magis laboro idem quam tu, Cic.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., non laboro, inquit, hoc loco discessisse Merulam, Varro. – B) (nach 2. labor no. II) durch od. wegen etwas seine Not haben, in Not, Verlegenheit, im Gedränge sein (sich befinden), sich nicht zu helfen wissen, geplagt, gedrückt, bedrängt werden, leiden, sich unangenehm (schmerzlich) berührt fühlen, in Sorge sein, morbo, krank sein, Cic.: ex pedibus, das Podagra haben, Cic.: ex intestinis, Bauchgrimmen haben, Cic.: e dolore, Ter., od. utero, Hor. u. Ov., Geburtsschmerzen haben: ferner frigore, Colum.: fame, Plin.: contrario vento, Lact.: a re frumentaria, Caes.: annonā, Liv.: pestilentiā, Liv.: magnitudine suā, Liv.: vitiis, Liv.: alienis malis (Ggstz. delectari suis bonis), Cic.: aut ab avaritia aut miserā ambitione, Hor.: ex inscientia, Cic.: ex invidia, Cic., od. odio, Liv.: ex aere alieno (in Schulden), Caes.: de existimatione alcis, Cic.: in re familiari (rücksichtlich des Standes unseres Vermögens), Cic.: in uno (sc. viro), um den einen sich quälen, d.i. für ihn erglühen, Hor.: alcis causā, propter alqm, Cic.: unpers., siccitate eo anno plurimum laboratum est, Liv. – absol. = leiden, in Not, im Gedränge, in Gefahr sein, aciem laborare vidit, Liv.: illi laboranti subvenire, Caes.: undique suis laborantibus succurrere, Caes.: non laboraremus, so würde es nicht so mißlich um uns stehen, Cic.: laboratur vehementer, man ist sehr besorgt, Cic. – β) v. lebl. Subjj., quod vehementer eius artus laborarent, daß er an Gicht u. Podagra heftig leide, Cic.: vehementissime utraque (navis triremis) ex concursu laborat, Caes.: paupertas sub onere nobilitatis laborans, Sen.: laborat veritas, Liv.: digitorum contractio nullo in motu laborat (findet Schwierigkeit), Cic. – v. der Mondfinsternis, aber zunächst v. Mond als Mondgöttin, cum Luna laboret, wenn Luna in Not ist (= wenn Mondfinsternis eintritt), Cic. Tusc. 1, 92: nec cur fraternis Luna laboret equis (weil dem Mond das Sonnenlicht entzogen ist), Prop. 2, 34, 52. – dann auch v. Mond als Mondlicht, cum luna laborare non creditur, Plin. 2, 42. – II) v. tr. mit Mühe verfertigen, -bearbeiten, quale non perfectius meae laborarint manus, Hor.: vestes arte laboratae, Verg.: tanto opere elaborata (erlernte) ars, Tac.: venenum laborat Antipater curiosum et efficax, läßt bereiten (mischen), Iul. Val. 3, 56 (31): poet., dona laboratae Cereris, das zu Brot verarbeitete Getreide, Verg.: frumenta ceterosque fructus patientius quam pro solita inertia Germanorum laborant, Getreide u. sonstige Früchte bauen sie mit größerer Ausdauer, als man nach der gewohnten Trägheit der Germanen erwarten sollte, Tac. Germ. 45.
-
8 laboro
labōro, āvī, ātum, āre (2. labor), I) v. intr. A) (nach 2. labor no. I) sich anstrengen, Anstrengungen machen, um etw. zu erreichen, a) = arbeiten, sich bemühen, sich Mühe geben, sich abmühen, bemüht sein, Sorge tragen, darauf bedacht sein, darauf hinarbeiten, darauf brennen, danach streben, ne labora, Ter.: cum aestu magno ducebat agmen, laborabat (hatte er Arbeit), Cic.: laborantem imitari, geschäftig tun, Sen.: sibi et populo Romano, non Verri laborare, Cic.: dies noctesque bonae menti, Sen.: deinde suppellectili laboratur, Sen.: lab. in angusto (auf ihrem engen Plätzchen), v. der Ameise, Sen.: lab. in alqa re, Cic.: de alqa re, Cic.: de alqo, Cic.: pro alqo, Cael. in Cic. ep.: pro salute alcis, Matius in Cic. ep.: in alqd, Liv., Sen. u. Quint.: circa alqd, Quint. – m. ut od. ne u. Konj., Cic.; verb. id contendere et laborare, ut etc., Cic.: nihil laboro, nisi ut salvus sis, Cic.: tum illud laboro, ut etc., Cic. – non laboro m. Infin., si sociis fidelissimis prospicere non laboratis, Cic. Verr. 3, 127; vgl. Cic. ad Att. 5, 2, 2: ne quaerere quidem de tanta re laborarunt, Nep. Pelop. 3, 1; poet. u. nachaug. auch laboro m. Infin. (s. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 8, 19. Dräger Hist. Synt.2 2, 309), quem perspexisse laborant, Hor.: hunc atque hunc superare laborat, Hor.: quod nunc quoque ferre laboro, Ov.: amari ab eo laboravi, Plin. ep.: laborabat————itaque invidiam praeteritorum contemptu praesentium demere, Iustin. – m. Acc. u. Infin., quod ne nunc quidem fieri laborabo, Sen. ep. 124, 1; vgl. Lucan. 1, 264. Iustin. 28, 3, 10 u. 36, 1, 7. – prägn., lab. alci, jmdm. dienen, cui (Iovi) tertia regna laborant, Sil. 8, 116. – b) sich darum kümmern, sich etwas daraus machen, sich darum scheren, α) v. Pers., vides iam dudum sudare laborantem, quo modo ea tuear, quae mihi tuenda sunt, Cic.: quorsum recĭdat responsum tuum, non magno opere laboro, Cic.: quo etiam magis laboro idem quam tu, Cic.: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., non laboro, inquit, hoc loco discessisse Merulam, Varro. – B) (nach 2. labor no. II) durch od. wegen etwas seine Not haben, in Not, Verlegenheit, im Gedränge sein (sich befinden), sich nicht zu helfen wissen, geplagt, gedrückt, bedrängt werden, leiden, sich unangenehm (schmerzlich) berührt fühlen, in Sorge sein, morbo, krank sein, Cic.: ex pedibus, das Podagra haben, Cic.: ex intestinis, Bauchgrimmen haben, Cic.: e dolore, Ter., od. utero, Hor. u. Ov., Geburtsschmerzen haben: ferner frigore, Colum.: fame, Plin.: contrario vento, Lact.: a re frumentaria, Caes.: annonā, Liv.: pestilentiā, Liv.: magnitudine suā, Liv.: vitiis, Liv.: alienis malis (Ggstz. delectari suis bonis), Cic.: aut ab avaritia aut miserā ambitione, Hor.: ex inscientia, Cic.: ex invidia, Cic., od. odio, Liv.: ex aere alieno (in Schulden), Caes.: de existima-————tione alcis, Cic.: in re familiari (rücksichtlich des Standes unseres Vermögens), Cic.: in uno (sc. viro), um den einen sich quälen, d.i. für ihn erglühen, Hor.: alcis causā, propter alqm, Cic.: unpers., siccitate eo anno plurimum laboratum est, Liv. – absol. = leiden, in Not, im Gedränge, in Gefahr sein, aciem laborare vidit, Liv.: illi laboranti subvenire, Caes.: undique suis laborantibus succurrere, Caes.: non laboraremus, so würde es nicht so mißlich um uns stehen, Cic.: laboratur vehementer, man ist sehr besorgt, Cic. – β) v. lebl. Subjj., quod vehementer eius artus laborarent, daß er an Gicht u. Podagra heftig leide, Cic.: vehementissime utraque (navis triremis) ex concursu laborat, Caes.: paupertas sub onere nobilitatis laborans, Sen.: laborat veritas, Liv.: digitorum contractio nullo in motu laborat (findet Schwierigkeit), Cic. – v. der Mondfinsternis, aber zunächst v. Mond als Mondgöttin, cum Luna laboret, wenn Luna in Not ist (= wenn Mondfinsternis eintritt), Cic. Tusc. 1, 92: nec cur fraternis Luna laboret equis (weil dem Mond das Sonnenlicht entzogen ist), Prop. 2, 34, 52. – dann auch v. Mond als Mondlicht, cum luna laborare non creditur, Plin. 2, 42. – II) v. tr. mit Mühe verfertigen, -bearbeiten, quale non perfectius meae laborarint manus, Hor.: vestes arte laboratae, Verg.: tanto opere elaborata (erlernte) ars, Tac.: venenum laborat Antipater curiosum et efficax, läßt be-————reiten (mischen), Iul. Val. 3, 56 (31): poet., dona laboratae Cereris, das zu Brot verarbeitete Getreide, Verg.: frumenta ceterosque fructus patientius quam pro solita inertia Germanorum laborant, Getreide u. sonstige Früchte bauen sie mit größerer Ausdauer, als man nach der gewohnten Trägheit der Germanen erwarten sollte, Tac. Germ. 45. -
9 ab
ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:I.AF VOBEIS,
Inscr. Orell. 3114;AF MVRO,
ib. 6601;AF CAPVA,
ib. 3308;AF SOLO,
ib. 589;AF LYCO,
ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):abs chorago,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):abs quivis,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:abs terra,
Cato, R. R. 51;and in compounds: aps-cessero,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,
id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).In space, and,II.Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.I.Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):b.Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:fuga ab urbe turpissima,
Cic. Att. 7, 21:ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,
Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,
all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:c.oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,
id. ib. 1, 25, 2:profecti a domo,
Liv. 40, 33, 2;of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,
Liv. 8, 22, 6;of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,
Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,
id. 24, 40, 2.Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):B.Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,
id. Att. 7, 24:cum a vobis discessero,
id. Sen. 22:multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:so a fratre,
id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:a Pontio,
Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:ab ea,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.1.Of separation:2.ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,
Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:abesse a domo paulisper maluit,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,
Sall. C. 40, 5:absint lacerti ab stabulis,
Verg. G. 4, 14.—Of distance:3.quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,
id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,
Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,
Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,
id. Pis. 11, 26; and:tam prope ab domo detineri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,
eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,
id. 37, 38, 5). —To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:II.picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,
Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,
on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,
at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:erat a septentrionibus collis,
on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).Fig.A.In time.1.From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:2.Exul ab octava Marius bibit,
Juv. 1,40:mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,
immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:ab hac contione legati missi sunt,
immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:ab eo magistratu,
after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:a summa spe novissima exspectabat,
after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,
Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,
Liv. 30, 36, 1:statim a funere,
Suet. Caes. 85;and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,
id. ib. 60:protinus ab adoptione,
Vell. 2, 104, 3:Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,
soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,
i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,
i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:b.ab hora tertia bibebatur,
from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,
since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:vixit ab omni aeternitate,
from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,
Nep. Att. 5, 3:in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,
after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,
since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,
id. Sen. 6, 19; and:ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,
since, Sall. C. 47, 2:diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,
Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,
since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,
from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,
Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,
from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:B.qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,
from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,a pueritia,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:jam inde ab adulescentia,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:ab adulescentia,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1:jam a prima adulescentia,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:ab ineunte adulescentia,
id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:a primis temporibus aetatis,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:a teneris unguiculis,
from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:usque a toga pura,
id. Att. 7, 8, 5:jam inde ab incunabulis,
Liv. 4, 36, 5:a prima lanugine,
Suet. Oth. 12:viridi ab aevo,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;rarely of animals: ab infantia,
Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,a pausillo puero,
id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:a puero,
Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:a pueris,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:ab adulescente,
id. Quint. 3, 12:ab infante,
Col. 1, 8, 2:a parva virgine,
Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:a parvis,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:a parvulo,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:ab parvulis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:ab tenero,
Col. 5, 6, 20;and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.1.In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):2.suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:hic ab artificio suo non recessit,
id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:condicionem quam ab te peto,
id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:si quid ab illo acceperis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:ab defensione desistere,
Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,
id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,
the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:tu nunc eris alter ab illo,
next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,
next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:quid hoc ab illo differt,
from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,
id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,
id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7:alieno a te animo fuit,
id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):subdole ab re consulit,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:haut est ab re aucupis,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,
Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).In partic.a.To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:b.a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1:ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,
id. ib. 1, 3:disputata ab eo,
id. ib. 1, 4 al.:illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,
id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:ita generati a natura sumus,
id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,
Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,
is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:salvebis a meo Cicerone,
i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,
i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:ne vir ab hoste cadat,
Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,
Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,
id. Off. 2, 6, 19:si calor est a sole,
id. N. D. 2, 52:ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),
id. Att. 16, 7, 5:metu poenae a Romanis,
Liv. 32, 23, 9:bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,
id. 3, 22, 2:ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,
id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:lassus ab equo indomito,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,
Prop. 5, 1, 126:tempus a nostris triste malis,
time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?
by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),
Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:si postulatur a populo,
if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:deseror conjuge,
Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;and in prose,
Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,
Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:c.pastores a Pergamide,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:Turnus ab Aricia,
Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,
Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:d.(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,
id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:e.da, puere, ab summo,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:coepere a fame mala,
Liv. 4, 12, 7:cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,
tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:f.a foliis et stercore purgato,
Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?
Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,
Liv. 21, 11, 5:expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,
id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,
Sall. C. 32:ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,
Liv. 21, 35, 12:ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,
Cic. Sest. 64, 133.With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:g.el metul a Chryside,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:ab Hannibale metuens,
Liv. 23, 36; and:metus a praetore,
id. 23, 15, 7;v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,
Cic. Sull. 20, 59:postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,
you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.With verbs of fastening and holding:h.funiculus a puppi religatus,
Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:i.a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,
Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):j.id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22.Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:k.doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,a frigore laborantibus,
Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:laborare ab re frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:l.ab ingenio improbus,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:a me pudica'st,
id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:orba ab optimatibus contio,
Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):locus copiosus a frumento,
Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,
id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,
id. Brut. 16, 63:ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,
Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;so often in poets ab arte=arte,
artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:m.linguam ab irrisu exserentem,
thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:ab honore,
id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:n.ab illo injuria,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:fulgor ab auro,
Lucr. 2, 5:dulces a fontibus undae,
Verg. G. 2, 243.In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:o.scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:nonnuill ab novissimis,
id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:p.qui sunt ab ea disciplina,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:ab eo qui sunt,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,
id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;q.in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,
one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,a manu servus,
a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:► a.a peregre,
Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:a foris,
Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:ab intus,
ib. ib. 7, 15:ab invicem,
App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:a longe,
Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:a modo,
ib. ib. 23, 39;Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,
Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:a sursum,
ib. Marc. 15, 38.Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:b.Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,
Cic. Pis. 37, 91:a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?
id. Sen. 6:a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?
id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—c.It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:d.a vitae periculo,
Cic. Brut. 91, 313:a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,
id. Arch. 6, 12:a minus bono,
Sall. C. 2, 6:a satis miti principio,
Liv. 1, 6, 4:damnis dives ab ipsa suis,
Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):e.aque Chao,
Verg. G. 4, 347:aque mero,
Ov. M. 3, 631:aque viro,
id. H. 6, 156:aque suis,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:a meque,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:abs teque,
id. Att. 3, 15, 4:a teque,
id. ib. 8, 11, §7: a primaque adulescentia,
id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.III.In composition ab,1.Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—2.It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)
Перевод: с латинского на все языки
со всех языков на латинский- Со всех языков на:
- Латинский
- С латинского на:
- Все языки
- Английский
- Немецкий
- Русский
- Французский
